El puzle del cumplimiento fiscal. Efectos económicos y morales en la evasión fiscal en España

  1. Bartolomé Peral, Edurne 1
  2. Dülmer , Hermann 2
  3. Coromina Soler, Lluís 3
  1. 1 Universidad de Deusto
    info

    Universidad de Deusto

    Bilbao, España

    ROR https://ror.org/00ne6sr39

  2. 2 nstituto de Sociología y Psicología Social (ISS)
  3. 3 Universitat de Girona
    info

    Universitat de Girona

    Girona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01xdxns91

Journal:
Política y gobierno

ISSN: 1405-1060 1685-2037

Year of publication: 2023

Volume: 30

Issue: 1

Type: Article

More publications in: Política y gobierno

Abstract

Citizens are obliged to pay taxes, although, from a rational perspective, many individuals decide to pay their dues, even if they could evade. This research note contributes to the literature on fiscal compliance by combining existing theoretical approaches from different perspectives in a unique comprehensive model applied to Spain, with the goal of providing new further factors to the theoretical corpus that help explain fiscal compliance in our society. This study has been conducted through an online survey to 2 048 respondents and applies for this aim a factorial survey. This method combines a set of situational factors with personal characteristics, which influence the level of fiscal compliance. The study shows how the standard economic model does not fully explain compliance, and provides evidence on how which moral, attitudinal and value dimensions contribute to the explanation of the behaviour of tax evasion.

Bibliographic References

  • Ajzen, Icek (1985) “From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior”, en J. Kuhl y J. Beckmann (eds.), Action Control, Berlín, Heidelberg/Springer, pp. 11-39.
  • Allingham, Michael G. y Agnar Sandmo (1972), “Income Tax Evasion: A Theoretical Analysis”,Journal of Public Economics, 1(3-4), pp. 323-338.
  • Alm, James y Benno Torgler (2006), “Culture Differences and Tax Morale in the United States and in Europe”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 27(2), pp. 224-246.
  • Alm, James, Gary H. McClelland y William D. Schulze (1992), “Why Do People Pay Ta-xes?”Journal of Public Economics, 48(1), pp. 21-38.
  • Alm, James, Jorge Martínez-Vázquez y Benno Torgler (2010), Developing Alternative Frameworks for Explaining Tax Compliance, Londres y Nueva York, Routledge.
  • Andreoni, James, Brian Erard y Jonathan Feinstein (1998), “Tax Compliance”, Journal of Economic Literature, 36(2), pp. 818-860.
  • Auspurg, Katrin y Thomas Hinz (2014), Factorial Survey Experiments, Series on Quantita-tive Applications in Social Sciences, Newsbury Park, Sage Publications.
  • Aviram, H. (2012), “What Would You Do ? Conducting Web-Based Factorial Vignette Sur-veys”, en L. Gideon (ed.), Handbook of Survey Methodology for the Social Sciences, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 463-473.
  • Becker, Gary S. (1968), “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach”, Journal of Po-litical Economy, 76, pp.169-217.
  • Cummings, Ronald. G., Jorge Martínez-Vázquez, Michael McKeey y Benno Torgler (2006), “Effects of Tax Morale on Tax Compliance: Experimental and Survey Evi-dence”, UB Berkeley-Berkeley Program in Law and Economics, en:https://escholars-hip.org/uc/item/8sh2w9fp [fecha de consulta: 7 de mayo de 2022].
  • Dülmer, Hermann (2014), “Modernization, Culture and Morality in Europe: Universalism, Contextualism or Relativism?”, en W. Arts y L. Halman (eds.), Value Contrasts and Consen-sus in Present-day Europe: Painting Europe’s Moral Landscapes, Leiden, Brill, pp. 251-276.
  • Erard, Brian y Jonathan S. Feinstein (1994), “Honesty and Evasion in the Tax Compliance Game”, The Rand Journal of Economics, 25(1), pp. 1-19.
  • Feld, Lars. P. y Bruno S. Frey (2002), “Trust Breeds Trust: How Taxpayers are Treated”,Economics of Governance, 3(2), pp. 87-99.
  • Fishbein, Martin y Izek Ajzen (2010), Predicting and Changing Behaviour: The Reasoned Action Approach, Nueva York, Psychology Press.
  • Frey, Bruno S. y Benno Torgler (2004), “Taxation and Conditional Cooperation”, docu-mento de trabajo crema 2004-20, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.662083.
  • Frey, Bruno S. y Benno Torgler (2006) “Tax Morale and Conditional Cooperation”, documento de trabajo crema 286, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.900359.
  • Frey, Bruno. S. y Benno Torgler (2007), “Tax Morale and Conditional Cooperation”, Jour-nal of Comparative Economics, 35(1), pp. 136-159.Pg
  • Heinmueller, Jens, Dominik Hangartner y Teppei Yamamoto (2015), “Validating Vignette and Conjoint Survey Experiments against Real-world Behavior”, pnas, 112(8), pp. 2395-2400.
  • Heiny, Jennifer, Izek Ajzen, Ingrid-Ute Leonhäuser y Peter Schmidt (2019), “Intentions to Enhance Tourism in Private Households: Explanation and Mediated Effects of En-trepreneurial Experience”, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, 5(2), pp. 128-148.
  • INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística) (2019), Encuesta de población activa (EPA), tercer trimestre, Madrid, ine, en: www.ine.es/daco/daco42/daco4211/epa0319.pdf [fecha de consulta: 1 de junio de 2022].
  • Inglehart, Ronald J. (1997), Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
  • Inglehart, Ronald J. (2018), Cultural Evolution: People’s Motivations are Changing, and Resha-ping the World, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Jasso, Guillermina (2006), “Factorial Survey Methods for Studying Beliefs and Judg-ments”, Sociological Methods & Research, 34(3), pp. 334-423.
  • Kirchler, Erich, Stephan Muehlbacher, Barbara Kastlunger y Ingrid Wahl (2010), en J. Alm, J. Martínez-Vázquez y B. Torgler (eds.), Developing Alternative Frameworks for Explaining Tax Compliance, Londres-Nueva York, Routledge, pp. 16-30.
  • Lavrakas, Paul J., Darren Pennay, Dina Neiger y Benjamin Phillips (2022), “Comparing Probability-Based Surveys and Nonprobability Online Panel Surveys in Australia: A Total Survey Error Perspective”, Survey Research Methods, 16(2), pp. 241-266.
  • Levi, Margaret (1988), Of Rule and Revenue, Berkeley, University of California Press.
  • Levi, Margaret (1997), Consent, Dissent, and Patriotism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Liebig, Stefan y Steffen Mau (2007), “When is a Taxation System Just? Attitudes towards Ge neral Taxation Principles and towards the Justice of One’s Own Tax Burden”, en S. Mau y B. Veghte (eds.), Social Justice, Legitimacy and the Welfare State, Aldershot, Ashgate, pp. 97-122.
  • Marandu, Edward. E., Christian J. Mbekomize y Alexander N. Ifezue (2015), “Determi-nants of Tax Compliance: A Review of Factors and Conceptualizations”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(9), pp. 207-218.
  • Marchbank, Jennifer y Gayle Letherby (2014), Introduction to Gender: Social Science Perspec-tives,2a ed., Nueva York, Routledge.
  • Messner, Steven. F. y Richard Rosenfeld (2012), Crime and the American Dream, Belmont, Wadsworth.
  • Myles, Garreth D. y Robin A. Naylor (1996), “A Model of Tax Evasion with Group Confor-mity and Social Customs”, European Journal of Political Economy, 12(1), pp. 49-66.
  • Polinsky, M.A. y S. Shavell (2001), “Corruption and Optimal Law Enforcement”, Journal of Public Economics, 81(1), pp. 1-24.
  • Robbins, Blaine y Edgar Kiser (2018), “Legitimate Authorities and Rational Taxpayers: An Investigation of Voluntary Compliance and Method Effects in a Survey Experiment of Income Tax Evasion”, Rationality and Society, 30(2), pp. 247-301.
  • Rokeach, Milton (1976), Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values: A Theory or Organization and Change,San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
  • Rokeach, Milton (1979), Understanding Human Values, Nueva York, Free Press.
  • Rossi, Peter H. y Andy B. Anderson (1982), “The Factorial Survey Approach: An Introduction”, en P.H. Rossi y S.L. Nock (eds.), Measuring Social Judgments: The Factorial Survey Approach, Beverly Hills, Sage, pp. 15-67.
  • Schwartz, Shalom H. (2006), “Basic Human Values: Theory, Measurement, and Applica-tions”, Revue Française de Sociologie, 47(4), pp. 929-968.
  • Schwartz, Shalom H. (2013), PVQ-RR (10/2013) , documento de trabajo.
  • Schwartz, Shalom H., Jan Cieciuch, Michele Vecchione, Eldad Davidov, Ronald Fischer, Constanze Beierlein, Alice Ramos, Markku Verkasalo, Jan-Erik Lönnqvist, Kur-sad Demirutku, Ozlem Dirilen-Gumus yMark Konty (2012), “Refining the Theory of Basic Individual Values”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), pp. 663-688.
  • Shamon, Hawal, Hermann Dülmer y Adam Giza (2022), “The Factorial Survey: The Im-pact of the Presentation Format of Vignettes on Answer Behavior and Processing Time”, Sociological Methods & Research, 51(1), pp. 396-438.
  • Steffensmeier, Darrell y Emilie Allan (1996), “Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered Theory of Female Offending”, Annual Review of Sociology,22, pp. 459-487, doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.459.
  • Thurman, Quint C. (1989), “General Prevention of Tax Evasion: A Factorial Survey Ap-proach”, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 5(2), pp. 127-146.
  • Torgler, Benno (2005), “Tax Morale and Direct Democracy”, European Journal of Political Economy, 21(2), pp. 525-531.
  • Torgler, Benno (2011), Tax Morale and Compliance: Review of Evidence and Case Studies for Europe, The World Ban, Policy Research Working Paper 5922.
  • Torgler, Benno (2012), “Tax Morale, Eastern Europe and European Enlargement”, Com-munist and Post-Communist Studies, 45(1-2), pp. 11-25.
  • Tyler, Tom R. (1997), “Procedural Fairness and Compliance with the Law”, Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 133(II), pp. 219-240.