Los beneficios de la lectura compartida de librosbreve revisión

  1. Goikoetxea Iraola, Edurne
  2. Martínez Pereña, Naroa
Revista:
Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

ISSN: 1139-613X 2174-5374

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 18

Número: 1

Páginas: 303-324

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

Resumen

La lectura compartida de libros infantiles ilustrados se refiere a la lectura en voz alta que hace un adulto en compañía de un niño, generalmente prelector. Esta actividad es una de las prácticas que se tiene en cuenta en los estudios sociológicos y económicos sobre inversión parental y logro educativo. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar los beneficios de la lectura compartida y describir las posibles razones que explican estos beneficios. La investigación realizada con niños de diferente clase social y nivel de desarrollo del lenguaje ha demostrado que la lectura compartida tiene importantes efectos directos en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y el conocimiento de lo impreso, e indirectos en la alfabetización temprana y el aprendizaje de la lectura. Se presentan los principales modelos de interacción durante la lectura: la lectura dialógica y la lectura con énfasis en lo impreso. También se analizan las características de la lectura compartida que mejor explican su beneficio tales como el hecho de tratarse de una actividad rutinaria, el rico vocabulario de los libros, el estilo de interacción entre el adulto y el niño, la experiencia emocional que genera y la exposición al texto escrito. Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones educativas incluyendo orientaciones acerca de la frecuencia de la lectura compartida, la edad de inicio, las características de los libros, la función del entrenamiento y los modelos de interacción entre el adulto y el niño para el óptimo desarrollo de esta actividad tan valiosa en la alfabetización temprana y el posterior rendimiento y hábito lector.

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