Social Cognition and Executive Function Impairment in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa
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Universidad Católica San Pablo
info
ISSN: 1130-5274
Argitalpen urtea: 2018
Alea: 29
Zenbakia: 3
Orrialdeak: 107-113
Mota: Artikulua
Beste argitalpen batzuk: Clínica y salud: Investigación Empírica en Psicología
Laburpena
RESUMEN La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno muy debilitante y ha mostrado diferentes patrones de déficit cognitivo. Algunos de ellos son controvertidos porque se relacionan con rasgos autistas. Tanto la cognición social como la función ejecutiva son procesos de control “arriba/abajo” que regulan la interacción social y el comportamiento adaptativo en un mundo complejo. Los perfiles neurocognitivos enfocados en este proceso son especialmente útiles como endofenotipos en la investigación clínica y la intervención. Los objetivos de este estudio son: (1) evaluar la contribución de la cognición social y la función ejecutiva a los patrones socioemocionales y neurocognitivos en la anorexia nerviosa y (2) investigar las posibles relaciones entre las tareas de cognición social y las medidas de la función ejecutiva y las características clínicas de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. 15 adolescentes con anorexia nerviosa y 15 controles sanos participaron en este estudio. Los pacientes fueron diagnosticados con los criterios DSM-IV-R. Estos han sufrido la enfermedad durante al menos 3 años (SD ± 1,47). Fueron comparados en la cognición social (“Lectura de la mente a través de los ojos” y la tarea de juego IOWA) y función ejecutiva (tareas de fluidez verbal, prueba de seguimiento y prueba de spam digital del WAIS-III). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la cognición social (teoría de la mente y en la tarea de juego de IOWA). Finalmente, para la tarea de la función ejecutiva, los adolescentes con AN mostraron diferencias significativas tanto en la DST directa como en la DST inversa, así como en la fluidez semántica y la fluidez fonológica. Estos dominios muestran diferentes relaciones altamente significativas que podrían explicar los perfiles neurocognitivos. En conclusión, se encontraron diferencias entre adolescentes con AN y controles sanos. Los pacientes mostraron déficits importantes en la teoría del reconocimiento de la mente, función ejecutiva y toma de decisiones. Estos déficits podrían desempeñar un papel en el mantenimiento de los patrones patológicos y también podrían considerarse endofenotipos importantes en la investigación y la intervención.
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