Sexu-dimorfismoa gizakianinplikazioak osasunean eta diagnostiko klinikoan

Resumen

Sex-dimorphism refers to the different morphologic and physiologic characteristics present in subjects of the two sexes within the same species. Such differences are defined by the way in which the sex pattern has been inheritedinto the genetic material. Nowadays scientific community is making a huge effort in order to develop personalized precision medicine, and for that, understanding the mechanisms linked to sex that occur on different pathologies is of paramount interest. Similarly, it is also important to understand the potential differences that sex may exert in thesymtomatology and development of a disease, as well as the response of the patient to the prescribed treatment. If the aforementioned goals are achieved it would be possible to obtain a more precise prevention, diagnosis and treatment ofdifferent diseases. In this regard, it must be noted that sex not only affects to those pathologies that are linked to sex, but also to those that are independent of sex. In this line, in sex-related pathologies, it is defined in sexual chromosomes the extent in which each sex will be affected by the pathology, as occurs in haemophilia or daltonism. In the case of pathologies that are independent of sex, several studies have also found significant differences regarding the way inwhich such pathologies affect to both sexes. In this regard, the clinical symptoms and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases are different in men and women, as occurs with further pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory diseases or certain neurological disorders.