The research activities of the Group focus on deciphering the structure and function of virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. To this end, we employ a multidisciplinary approach that includes the use of X-ray crystallography, Cryo-Electron Microscopy, biophysics and biochemistry. Currently, we investigate the mechanism of action of bacterial toxins delivered by the Type 6 Secretion System (T6SS). Nearly a quarter of sequenced Gram-negative bacteria code for the T6SS, which bacteria employ to inject toxins into target cells. The T6SS assembles inside the bacteria. Upon cell contact, this molecular machine is propelled towards the target cell, puncturing their membranes and injecting effector proteins using a contractile spike-like device. Toxins delivered by the T6SS target competing bacteria or eukaryotic host cells, providing a fitness advantage that allows them to thrive and facilitates host colonisation. We hope that our research efforts can provide fundamental scientific advances and inspire the next generation of antimicrobials.