Effects of total polyphenol intakes on cardiovascular disease risck factors in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risck

Zusammenfassung

There is a consensus that CVD has been the leading cause of death worldwide in recent decades, and it is predicted that will raise from 17.5 million in 2012 to 22.2 million in 2030. Besides, CVD is a heavy economic burden on the health care system at both global and national scales. For the primary prevention, prediction models based on established risk factors are useful tools in the prevention of CVD. In this study, the cardiovascular risk factors among the elderly population have been assessed, which used to set up associations between total polyphenol intakes from a Mediterranean diet and prevention of CVD. The Mediterranean diet is a nutritional recommendation that has recently shown beneficial effects on human health. Numerous studies have demonstrated there is a negative association between consumption of the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence of CVD. The evidence concerning the potential mechanisms of action which underlie the cardio-protective effects may be attributed to a high amount of dietary fiber, vitamins, folic acid, natural antioxidants, monounsaturated fat; moderate amounts of animal protein, moderate amount of alcohol mainly in the form of wine; and low amount of saturated and trans fat. However, only limited studies have focused on the observed protection from the most abundant antioxidants in nature, polyphenol. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that a high dietary polyphenol intakes, recorded by urinary polyphenol excretion, could be associated with low CVD risk parameters, diabetes, and obesity in an elderly population with high cardiovascular risk. Traditional methods of obtaining information on polyphenol intakes, such as from dietary recalls, FFQs, and databases on the polyphenol content of foods, are not accurate enough to reflect polyphenol concentration after metabolism. To solve this problem, we used excretion of urine as a reliable and effective biomarker to track polyphenol after digestion. High glucose levels, TG concentration, DBP are classic cardiovascular risk factors for developing of CVD. In this thesis, we found significant inverse correlations between changes in TPE and plasma TG concentration, glucose concentration, and DBP after adjustment for potential confounders after a 5-year of intervention. Overweight and obesity are also important risk factors for developing of CVD. Inverse correlations were observed between TPE at 5 years of follow-up and BW, BMI, WC and WHtR after adjustment for potential confounders, indicating higher polyphenol intakes improve body weight managements. Prevalence of T2D is positively associated with incidence of CVD. We found a high intake of total polyphenols, calculated by FFQs and the Phenol-Explorer database, was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in elderly people at high risk of CVD. To conclude, we suggest that a high consumption of polyphenol-rich foods in the frame of a Mediterranean diet could potentially help to reduce multiple risk factors of