Identity orientations of Latino print media in Spainthe reinforcement of Latino popular culture

  1. Ana-María Mendieta-Bartolomé 1
  2. José-Luis Argiñano 1
  1. 1 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

Revue:
Comunicación y sociedad = Communication & Society

ISSN: 2386-7876

Année de publication: 2023

Volumen: 36

Número: 3

Pages: 35-51

Type: Article

DOI: 10.15581/003.36.3.35-51 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDadun editor

D'autres publications dans: Comunicación y sociedad = Communication & Society

Résumé

The evolution of Latino print media in Spain has coincided with the demographic increase of Latin American immigrants in the country since the early 1990s. Starting with one publication in 1992, the market started to grow in 2003 and reached its peak in 2007 with the edition of more than 100 titles. The advertising crisis of 2008 ended this trend, and the number of publications began a continuous and permanent decline in the following years despite a demographic recovery of Latin Americans in Spain after 2016. This research presents a quantitative analysis of the contents of 1,500 news items from 14 Latino newspapers and magazines that survived the 2008 advertising downfall. Six of these 14 media outlets continue publishing in 2023. The objective of this study is to show the connections between the contents of the analyzed Latino print media and the cultural identities of their readers. The results show that the prevalent themes related to culture, society and politics represent the identities of their Latino readers. Latino publications give visibility to Latinos as the protagonists of their contents. In addition, the origin of the protagonists shows the wide range of Latin American countries in correlation with the diverse Latin American origins of the readers. We discuss the implications of these findings within the volatile context of Latino print media in Spain, the growing Latin American demographics, and the formation of diverse Latino identities.

Références bibliographiques

  • Acquie, D. M. (2021). Beyond the Binary: Deconstructing Latinidad and Ramifications for Latinx Civil Rights. Harvard Latinx Law Review, 24, 13-31.
  • Adoni, H., Caspi, D. & Cohen, A. A. (2006). Media, minorities and hybrid identities. The Arab and Russian communities in Israel. New York: Hampton Press.
  • Agirreazkuenaga, I. & Larrondo, A. (2018). Much more than airtime: radio strategies to foster an inclusive Latino identity in the Basque Country. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(9), 1604-1620. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1339595
  • Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (2022). Marco General de los Medios en España. Retrieved from https://www.aimc.es/otros-estudios-trabajos/marco-general/descarga-marco-general/
  • Aksoy, A. & Robins, K. (2000). Thinking across spaces. Transnational television from Turkey. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 3(3), 343-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/136754940000300305
  • Aldama, F. L. & González, C. (2019). Latinx Studies. The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge.
  • Aparicio, F. R. (2019). Negotiating Latinidad. Intralatina/o lives in Chicago. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042690.001.0001
  • Aziz, A. (2022). Rohingya diaspora online: Mapping the spaces of visibility, resistance and transnational identity on social media. New Media & Society, 1-21. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/14614448221132241
  • Barrera, C. (2018). Las encrucijadas de los medios de comunicación en la crisis de 2008-2014: ¿Declive o transformación del cuarto poder? Historia Actual Online, 47(3), 79-90.
  • Brüggemann, M. & Schulz-Forberg, H. (2009). Becoming Pan-European? Transnational Media and the European Public Sphere. The International Communication Gazette, 71(8), 693-712. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1748048509345064
  • Christensen, M. (2012). Online mediations in transnational spaces: cosmopolitan (re)formations of belonging and identity in the Turkish diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(5), 888-905. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.628039
  • Codagnone, C., Cruz, P. & Maya-Jariego, I. (2017). Digital Media, Identity and Quality of Life of a Local Ecuadorian Community in Andalusia (SE Spain). In G. Tonon (Ed.), Quality of Life in Communities of Latin Countries (pp. 255-267). Cham: Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53183-0_13
  • Concepción Sepúlveda, L., Medina Cambrón, A. & Ballano Macías, S. (2019). El papel de la dieta mediática en la experiencia migratoria de la comunidad hispanoamericana. Repensando la recepción a través de las familias, las redes y los medios. Migraciones, 47, 89-118. https://www.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i47y2019.004
  • Cordero, G., Triviño-Salazar, J. C., Escobar, S. & Pérez-Nievas, S. (2021). Representing the People: Latin American Councilors and Their Pathway to Power and Political Representation in Spain. American Behavioral Scientist, 65(9), 1251-1264. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996747
  • Dávila, A. (2000). Talking back: hispanic media and U.S. latinidad. Centro Journal, 12(1), 37-47. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/377/37711306003.pdf
  • Del Río, E. (2017). Authenticity, Appropriation, Articulation: The Cultural Logic of Latinidad. In M. E. Cepeda & D. I. Casillas (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Latina/o Media (pp. 9-21). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858005-2
  • Domínguez Alegría, G. (2018). Impacto de las Brechas Digitales en la Población Extranjera. Accem. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad.
  • Echevarría Vecino, L., Ferrández Ferrer, A. & Dallemagne, G. (2015). Discursive Inclusion and Hegemony: The Politics of Representation in Spanish Migrant Minority Media. In O. Ogunyemi (Ed.), Journalism, Audiences and Diaspora (pp. 87-103). Houndmills, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137457233_6
  • Fazal, S. & Tsagarousianou, R. (2002). Diasporic Communication: Transnational Cultural Practices and Communicative Spaces. Javnost-The Public, 9(1), 5-18. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2002.11008790
  • Ferrández Ferrer, A. (2014). A la conquista del espacio público: migración y comunicación en las ciudades globales (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
  • Forero-Bordamalo, C. (2015). La producción de comunicación pública dirigida al colectivo inmigrante latinoamericano en Madrid. Una aproximación desde sus publicaciones (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
  • Gómez-Escalonilla, G., Santín, M., Sendín, J. C., Campos, M. V. & Mena, N. (2008). Voces de la inmigración: medios latinos en Madrid. Madrid: Universitas.
  • González de Bustamante, C. & Retis, J. (2017). Latin@s: Underrepresented Majorities in the Digital Age. In C. P. Campbell (Ed.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Race (pp. 210-221). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315778228-19
  • González Ferrer, A. (2013). Retorno y reintegración de los migrantes latinoamericanos en Europa. In Propuestas para vincular las políticas de migración y empleo (pp. 53-89). Madrid: Fundación Internacional y para Iberoamérica de Administraciones y Políticas Públicas (FIIAPP).
  • González-Veléz, M. (2002). Articulating Latinidad: the social imagery in a Latino newspaper (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Iowa, USA.
  • Guedes Bailey, O. (2007). Transnational Identities and the Media. In O. G. Bailey, M. Georgiou & R. Harindranath (Eds.), Transnational Lives and the Media. Re-Imagining Diaspora (pp. 212-230). Houndmills, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230591905_12
  • Gutiérrez, F. (1977). Spanish-Language Media in America: Background, Resources, History. Journalism History, 4(2), 34-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.1977.12066840
  • Haddock-Lazala, C. M. (2016). Life & Breasts at the Borderlands-The Breast Reconstruction Decision-Making Experiences of Dominican and Puerto Rican Latinx (Doctoral Dissertation). The New School University, New York City, USA.
  • Hurtado, A. (2017). Sex, Service, and Scenery: Latina Sexualities in the Pages of Vogue. In M. E. Cepeda & D. I. Casillas (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Latina/o Media (pp. 320-338). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858005-23
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2023). Principales series de población desde 1998. Estadística del Padrón continuo. Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año. Retrieved from https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=01006.px&L=0
  • Jaramillo-Dent, D., Contreras-Pulido, P. & Pérez-Rodríguez, A. (2022). Immigrant Influencers on TikTok: Diverse Microcelebrity Profiles and Algorithmic (In)Visibility. Media and Communication, 10(1), 1-13. https://www.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i1.4743
  • Jeffres, L. W. (2000). Ethnicity and Ethnic Media Use. A Panel Study. Communication Research, 27(4), 496-535. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/009365000027004004
  • Lacomba Vázquez, J., Benlloch Doménech, C., Cloquell Lozano, A. & Veira Ramos A. (2021). La aportación de la inmigración a la sociedad española. Madrid: Observatorio Permanente de la Inmigración.
  • Lobera, J. (2021). Postcolonial Bonds? Latin American Origins, Discrimination, and Sense of Belonging to Spain. American Behavioral Scientist, 65(9), 1222-1233. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/000276422199675
  • Lugo-Lugo, C. R. (2015). 100% Puerto Rican: Jennifer Lopez, Latinidad, and the Marketing of Authenticity. Centro Journal, 28(2), 96-119. Retrieved from https://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/publications/journal-2015
  • Martínez de Lizarrondo, A. (2016). Naturalizaciones en España: indicador de integración y estrategia frente a la crisis. Migraciones, 39, 3-37. https://www.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i39y2016.001
  • Matsaganis, M. D., Katz, V. S. & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2011). Understanding Ethnic Media. Producers, Consumers, and Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452230412
  • Matsaganis, M. D., Katz, V. S. & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2016). Ethnic Media and the Social Incorporation of New Americans. In M. I. Lloyd & L. A. Friedland (Eds.), The Communication Crisis in America, and How to Fix It (pp. 81-94). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94925-0_6
  • McCombs, M. & Maxwell, E. (2006). Estableciendo la agenda. El impacto de los medios en la opinión pública y en el conocimiento. Barcelona: Paidós.
  • Mendieta-Bartolomé, A. M. (2018). Orientaciones identitarias de los contenidos en la prensa escrita latina en España (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidad del País Vasco, Spain.
  • Mendieta-Bartolomé, A. M. (2021). Transnational and Latino print media in Spain: The challenge of linking contents to both origin and destination. Journalism, 1-18. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/146488492110334
  • Milian, C. (2019). LatinX. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvwrm62n
  • Morales, E. (2019). Latinx. The New Force in American Politics and Culture. Brooklyn: Verso.
  • Navarro, L. (2008). Los medios de comunicación nacidos de las nuevas migraciones en España. In 3er Anuario de la Comunicación del Inmigrante en España 08/09. Madrid: Etnia Comunicación.
  • Negrón-Muntaner, F. (2017). What To Do With All This Beauty? The Political Economy of Latina Stardom in the Twenty-First Century. In M. E. Cepeda & D. I. Casillas (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Latina/o Media (pp. 287-305). New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858005-21
  • Noe-Bustamante, L., Mora, L. & Lopez, M. H. (2020). About One-in-Four U.S. Hispanics Have Heard of Latinx, but Just 3% Use It. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center.
  • Ogunyemi, O. (2015). Introduction: Conceptualizing the Media of Diaspora. In O. Ogunyemi (Ed.), Journalism, Audiences and Diaspora (pp. 1-14). Houndmills, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137457233_1
  • Park, R. (1922). The Immigrant Press and Its Control. Chicago: Harper & Brothers.
  • Reis, R. (2017). Journalism and Latinos: Stereotypes, Underrepresentation, and Ignorance. In C. P. Campbell (Ed.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Race (pp. 138-147). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315778228-13
  • Retis, J. (2006). Espacios mediáticos de la inmigración en Madrid: génesis y evolución. Madrid: Observatorio de las Migraciones y de la Convivencia Intercultural de la Ciudad de Madrid.
  • Retis, J. (2008). La construcción trasatlántica de la "latinoamericaneidad". Análisis comparado de los discursos sobre la inmigración extracomunitaria en España: medios de comunicación españoles y latinoamericanos en la ciudad de Madrid. In Congreso Internacional Fundacional de la Asociación Española de la Comunicación (AE-IC). Santiago de Compostela.
  • Retis, J. (2014). ¿Consumidores o ciudadanos? Prácticas de consumo cultural de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos en España. Fronteras-Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, I(1), 71-96. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5256795
  • Retis, J. (2019). Homogenizing Heterogeneity in Transnational Contexts: Latin American Diasporas and the Media in the Global North. In J. Retis & R. Tsagarousianou (Eds.), The Handbook of Diasporas, Media, and Culture (pp. 115-136). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119236771.ch8
  • Retis, J. (2021). Understanding Latin American diasporic transnationalism and the media in the post-digital era: The interstices of invisibility. Questions de communication, Mise en (in)visibilité des groups professionnels, 39, 357-379. https://www.doi.org/10.4000/questionsdecommunication.25854
  • Retis, J. & Cueva Chacón, L. M. (2021). Mapping digital-native U.S. Latinx news. Beyond geographical boundaries, language barriers, and hyper-fragmentation of audiences. International Symposium on Online Journalism #ISOJ, 11(1), 35-63.
  • Romero-Rodríguez, L. M., De-Casas-Moreno, P., Maraver-López, P. & Pérez-Rodríguez, M. A. (2018). Representación y estereotipos latinoamericanos en las series españolas de prime time (2014-2017). Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 78, 1-27. https://www.doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v25i78.9162
  • Sabés Turmo, F. (2009a). Los medios de comunicación para la "nación latina" que vive en España. Palabra Clave, 12(1), 107-119. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/pacla/v12n1/v12n01a06.pdf
  • Salinas, C. J. & Lozano, A. (2017). Mapping and recontextualizing the evolution of the term Latinx: An environmental scanning in higher education. Journal of Latinos and Education, 1-14. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2017.1390464
  • Shumow, M. (2012). Immigrant journalism, ideology and the production of transnational media spaces. Media, Culture & Society, 34(7), 815-831. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0163443712452770
  • Sidury Christiansen, M. (2017). Creating a Unique Transnational Place: Deterritorialized Discourse and the Blending of Time and Space in Online Social Media. Written Communication, 34(2), 135-164. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/074108831769399
  • Silber Mohamed, H. (2017). The New Americans? Immigration, Protest, and the Politics of Latino Identity. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
  • Suárez Navaz, L. (2011). Políticas de Representación: construcción y marketing de nuevas identidades en el espacio politico-mediático. Revista de Antropología Social, 20, 229-261. https://www.doi.org/10.5209/rev_RASO.2011.v20.36268
  • Suárez Navaz, L. & Ferrández Ferrer, A. (2012). Migrant Minority Media: Towards a Democratization of the Western Mediascape? In I. Rigoni & E. Saitta (Eds.), Mediating Cultural Diversity in a Globalised Public Space (pp. 76-95). Houndmills, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Valdivia, A. N. (2017). Implicit Utopias and Ambiguous Ethnics: Latinidad and the Representational Promised Land. In M. E. Cepeda & D. I. Casillas (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Latina/o Media (pp. 55-71). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858005-5
  • Valero-Matas, J. A., Coca, J. R. & Valero-Oteo, I. (2014). Análisis de la inmigración en España y la crisis económica. Proyecto de investigación Mediación y convivencia intercultural. AECID-Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de España.
  • Vaquera, E., Aranda, E. & Gonzales, R. G. (2014). Patterns of Incorporation of Latinos in Old and New Destinations: From Invisible to Hypervisible. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(14), 1823-1833. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0002764214550293
  • Viswanath, K. & Arora, P. (2000). Ethnic Media in the United States. An Essay on Their Role in Integration, Assimilation and Social Control. Mass Communication and Society, 3(1), 39-56. https://www.doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_03
  • Zabaleta Urkiola, I. (1997) Komunikazioaren ikerkuntzarako metodologia: metodo enpirikoak eta interpretatzaileak. Bilbao: Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea.