Estudio de la comunidad ectomicirricica en un bosque maduro de quercus ilex subsp. Ballota. Su caracterizacion y dinamica espacio-temporal

Résumé

TITULO: ESTUDIO DE LA COMUNIDAD ECTOMICORRICICA DE UN BOSQUE MADURO DE QUERCUS ILEX SUBSP. BALLOTA. SU CARACTERIZACIÓN Y DINÁMICA ESPACIO-TEMPORAL RESUMEN: Ectomycorrhizal community of a mature Quecus ilex subsp. bal"!ota forest. Its characterization and its spatiotemporal dynamics. Vanessa claven'a macheta. Facultad de Ciencias, University of Navarra, Spain . 2007 The aims of this study were to characterize the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) community of a mature evergreen oak forest and to relate the diversity and structure of the ecm community, as determined by ectomycorrhizae, to that obtained from sporocarps surveys. To achieve this aims in a 225 m2 plot, sporocarps were sampled weekly in autumn 2003 and 2004. Below-ground, 25 ECM samples were collected on each sampling, using a 10 x 4 cm soil core, in autumn and spring, from autumn 2003 to spring 2005. 380 sporocarps belonging to 63 taxa were collected. The dominant species were Clavulina cinérea, Hygrophorus russula and Entoloma rhodopolium. 47 ECM types were identified and described in detail. Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma and Thelephoraceae 7 were the dominant types below-ground. The usually overlooked thelephoroid fungi were well represented both above- and below-ground. In order to compare the structure and diversity of the ECM cbmmumty above- and below-ground, sporocarps species' and ECM types were grouped in 15 groups. Six groups were represented both above- and below ground (Hebeloma-cortinarius, Tricholoma, Russula, inocybe, Lactarius and telepnoroid fungi). However, their abundance and distribution in the area were not related. Most of the species that appeared above-ground were not well represented below-ground, and vice-versa. The production of sporocarps between years varied greatly, while the study of the ectomycorrhizae showed that the ECM community composition of a mature forest is stable. Therefore, it is important to sample both sporocarps and ectomycorrizae for a better understanding of the composition and dynamics of the ECM fungal community in forest ecosystems.