El sistema europeo de acogida y sus condiciones en tiempos de COVID-19gatopardismo y efecto placebo

  1. Encarnación La Spina 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Deusto
    info

    Universidad de Deusto

    Bilbao, España

    ROR https://ror.org/00ne6sr39

Revue:
Revista CIDOB d'afers internacionals

ISSN: 2013-035X,  1133-6595

Année de publication: 2021

Titre de la publication: El asilo confinado: acceso a la protección internacional y la acogida en la era COVID-19

Número: 129

Type: Article

DOI: 10.24241/RCAI.2021.129.3.155 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Revista CIDOB d'afers internacionals

Résumé

Since the COVID-19 health crisis broke out, the EU and its member states have promoted numerous measures to control its impact on the European reception system. Most of the legislative changes proposed at national level have focused largely on addressing the exceptional nature of the situation. Numerous measures have been implemented, and yet the pre-existing and inherent problems and structural deficiencies of the asylum process have been laid bare and remain unsolved. This article proposes a critical normative analysis of reception conditions and the measures specifically implemented at European level from 2020 onwards. It aims to identify trends (gatopardism or changing in order to stay the same/placebo effect) and analyse the missed opportunities in the practical implementation of adequate reception standards to match the circumstances and singularities of each member state.

€ Voir financement

Information sur le financement

Este trabajo se inscribe en el marco del Proyecto Programa Aristos 2021 «Impacto de COVID-19 en los derechos de las personas migradas en CAPV y C. Madrid (2020-2022): un análisis de investigación en clínicas jurídicas», ref. ACM2021_04. Proyecto de Apoyo a las actividades de los grupos de investigación reconocidos del sistema universitario vasco, «Derechos humanos y retos socioculturales en un mundo en transformación», ref.: IT1224-19. Proyecto UAL-FEDER, «Control de fronteras y Derechos Humanos en el Mediterráneo». Junta de Andalucía, ref. UAL18-SEJ-C004-R.

Financeurs

Références bibliographiques

  • Babicka, Karolina. «The COVID-19 Measures Impact of the rights of migrants and refugees in the EU». OpinioJuris, (29 de junio de 2020) (en línea) [Fecha de consulta: 18.02.2021]https://cutt.ly/EzXslSs
  • Benedikt, Sebastian. «Camplessness and the (non-)reception System: The Emerging of Migrant Informality in Northern Italy from a Human Rights Perspective». Deusto Journal of Human Rights, n.° 5 (2020), p. 243-268.
  • Bevelander, Peter. One Size Fits All? Integration approaches for beneficiaries of international protection Mälmo: University of Mälmo, 2019.
  • Bolzani, Magda; Donatello, Davide; Ginaetto, Leila. « (Dis)fare accoglienza. Attori e contesti alla prova dei decreti sicurezza». En: Malfetta, Maria Cristina y Marchetti, Chiara (eds.). Il Diritto d’asilo. Report 2020. Costretti a fuggire… ancora respinti. Perugia: Editrice Tau, 2020, p. 165-200.
  • Defensor del Pueblo. Actuaciones ante la pandemia de Covid-19. Madrid: Defensor del Pueblo, 2020.
  • Djuve, Anne Britt y Kavli, Hanne C. «Refugee integration policy the Norwegian way - why good ideas fail and bad ideas prevail». ETUI, vol. 25, n.° 1 (2019), p. 25-42.
  • EASO-European Asylum Support Office. Judicial analysis. Reception of applicants for international protection. Reception conditions Directive 2013/33/EU. Luxemburgo: EASO, 2020a.
  • EASO-European Asylum Support Office. «Covid-19 emergency measures in asylum and receptions systems». EASO, Public issue n.° 1, (2 de junio de 2020b) (en línea) https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2031405/covid19-emergency-measures-asylum-reception-systems.pdf
  • EASO-European Asylum Support Office. «Covid-19 emergency measures in asylum and receptions systems». EASO, Public issue n.° 2, (15 de julio de 2020c) (en línea) https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/covid19-emergency-measures-asylum-reception-systems-issue-2.pdf
  • EASO-European Asylum Support Office. «Covid-19 emergency measures in Asylum and reception systems». EASO, Public Issue n.° 3, (7 de diciembre de 2020d) (en línea) https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/COVID-19%20emergency%20measures%20in%20asylum%20and%20reception%20systems-December-2020_new.pdf
  • ECDC-European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.«Guidance on infection prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in migrant and refugee reception and detention centres in the EU/EEA and the United Kingdom». ECDC, (15 de junio de 2020) (en línea) https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-guidance-prevention-control-migrant-refugee-centres
  • ECRE-European Council on Refugees and Exiles. «Information sheet 7 December 2020: Covid-19 measures and updates related to asylum and migration across Europe». ECRE, (30 de noviembre de 2020) (en línea) https://www.ecre.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ECRE-COVID-information-sheet-Dec-2020.pdf
  • ECRE-European Council on Refugees and Exiles. «Comments on the Commission Proposal to recast the Reception Conditions Directive». ECRE, COM (2016) 465, (octubre de 2016) (en línea) https://www.ecre.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ECRE-Comments-RCD.pdf
  • ECRE/AIDA-European Council on Refugees and Exiles / Asylum Information Database. «Housing out of reach? The reception of refugees and asylum seekers in Europe». ECRE/AIDA, (31 de mayo de 2019) (en línea) https://reliefweb.int/report/world/housing-out-reach-reception-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-europe
  • EMN/OECD-European Migration Network / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. EU and OECD Member States responses to managing residence permits and migrant unemployment during the COVID-19 pandemic. EMN/OECD, (julio de 2020) (en línea) https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/librarydoc/inform-1-eu-and-oecd-member-states-responses-to-managing-residence-permits-and-migrant-unemployment-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
  • Engbersen, Godfried; Dagevos, Jaco; Jennissen, Roel; Bakker, Linda y Leerkes, Arjen. «No time to lose: from reception to integration of asylum migrants». WRR-Policy Brief, n.° 4, (2015) (en línea) https://english.wrr.nl/publications/policy-briefs/2016/02/16/no-time-to-lose-from-reception-to-integration-of-asylum-migrants
  • EP-European Parliament. Labour Market Integration of Refugees: Strategies and good practicesStudy Directorate General for internal policies. Policy department a: economic and scientific policy, IP/A/EMPL/2016-08. (2016) (en línea) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/578956/IPOL_STU(2016)578956_EN.pdf
  • Faggiani, Valentina. «¿Hacia una reforma integral o solo aparente y más involuntaria del sistema europeo común de asilo?». Revista General de Derecho europeo, n.° 52 (2020), p. 1-39.
  • FRA-European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Integrating of young refugees in the EU good practices and challenges. Bruselas: FRA publications, 2019.
  • FRA-European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Fundamental rights of refugees, asylum applicants and migrants at European borders. Bruselas: FRA publications, 2020.
  • Garcés-Mascareña, Blanca. «El asilo confinado». CIDOB opinión n.° 627, (junio de 2020), p.1-3.
  • Glorius, Birgit; Desch, Lucas; Nienaber, Birte y Doomernik, Jeroen. «Refugee reception within a common European asylum system: looking at convergences and divergences through a local-to-local comparison». ERSJUNDE, vol. 73, n.° 1 (2019), p. 19-29.
  • ICJ-International Commission of Jurist. «The impact of COVID-19 related measures on human rights of migrants and refugees in the EU». ICJ, briefing paper, (26 de junio de 2020) (en línea) https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Covid19-impact-migrans-Europe-Brief-2020-ENG.pdf
  • La Spina, Encarnación. La vulnerabilidad de las personas refugiadas ante el reto de la integración. Ciur Menor: Aranzadi, Thomson Reuters 2020.
  • Marin, Luisa. «The COVID-19 crisis and the closure of external borders: another stress-test for the challenging construction of solidarity within the EU?». European papers, vol. 5, n.° 2 (2020), p. 1.071-1.086.
  • Popova, Marina. «The peculiarities of legal regulation of the refugee integration system in Lithuania». Tiltai, n.° 2 (2018), p. 99-123.
  • Rozzi, Elena. «L’accoglienza ai tempi del coronavirus». En: Malfetta, Maria Cristina y Marchetti, Chiara (eds.). Il Diritto d’asilo. Report 2020. Costretti a fuggire… ancora respinti. Perugia: Editrice Tau 2020, p. 216-238.
  • Scholten, Peter; Baygerman, Fleur; Dellouche, Linda; Kampen, Venja; Wolf, Julia; Ypma, Rick. Policy innovation in Refugee integration? A comparative analysis of innovative policy strategies toward refugee integration in Europe. Países Bajos: IMISCOE, 2017.
  • Slingenberg, Lieneke. «Political compromise on Recast Asylum Reception Conditions Directive. Dignity without Autonomy?». EU migration Law blog, (3 de marzo de 2021) (en línea) [Fecha de consulta: 8.03.2021] http://eumigrationlawblog.eu/political-compromise-on-a-recast-asylum-reception-conditions-directive-dignity-without-autonomy/
  • Tallarek, Marie; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Spallek, Jacob. «Towards inclusionary and diversity-sensitive public health: the consequences of exclusionary othering in public health using the example of COVID-19 management in German reception centres and asylum camps». BMJ Global Health, vol. 5, n.° 12 (2020), p. 1-9.
  • Tsitselikis, Konstantinos. «Refugees in Greece: facing a Multifaceted labyrinth». International Migration, vol. 57, n.° 2 (2019), p. 155-175.
  • Tsourdi, Lilian. «Reception conditions for asylum seekers in the EU: towards the prevalence of human dignity». Journal of Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Law, vol. 29, n.° 1 (2015), p. 9-24.
  • Tsourdi, Lilian. «Asylum in the EU and the Great expectations of Solidarity». International Journal of Refugee Law, vol. 32, n.° 2 (2020), p. 374-380.
  • UNHCR-United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. UNHCR/Regional Bureau for Europe, (15 de abril de 2020) (en línea) https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/75453
  • United Nations. «Impact of COVID-19 on Migrants and refugees in the Arab region». UNESCWA, policy brief, (2020) (en línea) [Fecha de consulta: 10.03.2021] https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/impact-covid-19-migrants-refugees-arab-region-policy-brief-english.pdf
  • Velutti, Samantha. «The revised reception conditions Directive and adequate and dignified material reception conditions for those seeking international protection». International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, vol. 2, n.° 3 (2016), p. 1-20.
La source de données: Dialnet