Differences between entrepreneurial teams and individual entrepreneurs: an international approach

  1. Nathaly Pinzón
  2. José L. González-Pernía
  3. Javier Montero
Revista:
UCJC Business & Society Review

ISSN: 2659-3270

Ano de publicación: 2021

Volume: 18

Número: 3

Páxinas: 192-235

Tipo: Artigo

Outras publicacións en: UCJC Business & Society Review

Resumo

The objective of this work is to analyze the differences between entrepreneurial teams and individual entrepreneurs. Our study explains the performance differences between them in terms of innovation, internationalization, and employment generation. Our hypotheses are tested using a sample of 71,578 entrepreneurial projects in 74 countries that have partici-pated in the GEM project between 2014 and 2018. Our results indicate that entrepreneurial teams have better results than individual entrepreneurs, especially in contexts of high eco-nomic freedom

Referencias bibliográficas

  • 2020 Index of Economic Freedom | The Heritage Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2020, from http://www.heritage.org/index/about
  • Acs, Z., Åstebro, T., Audretsch, D., & Robinson, D. T. (2016). Public policy to promote entrepreneurship: A call to arms. Small Business Economics, 47(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9712-2
  • Aidis, R., Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. M. (2012). Size matters: Entrepreneurial entry and government. Small Business Economics, 39(1), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9299-y
  • Audretsch, D. B. (2004). Sustaining Innovation and Growth: Public Policy Sup-port for Entrepreneurship. Industry and Innovation, 11(3), 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366271042000265366
  • Autio, E., & Acs, Z. (2010). Intellectual property protection and the formation of entrepre-neurial growth aspirations. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(3), 234–251. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.93
  • Bosma, N. (2012). The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and Its Impact on En-trepreneurship Research. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 9. https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000033
  • Capelleras, J.-L., Contin-Pilart, I., Larraza-Kintana, M., & Martin-Sanchez, V. (2019). Entre-preneurs’ human capital and growth aspirations: The moderating role of regional entrepre-neurial culture. Small Business Economics, 52(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9985-0
  • Cooney, T. M. (2005). Editorial: What is an Entrepreneurial Team? International Small Busi-ness Journal, 23(3), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242605052131
  • Coviello, N. E. (2006). The network dynamics of international new ventures. Journal of Inter-national Business Studies, 37(5), 713–731. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400219
  • Delmar, F., & Shane, S. (2003). Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures? Strategic Management Journal, 24(12), 1165–1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.349
  • Donaldson, C. (2021). Culture in the entrepreneurial ecosystem: A conceptual framing. Inter-national Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(1), 289–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00692-9
  • Fuentelsaz, L., Maícas, J.P. and Montero, J. (2018): “How the culture of a country explains the social status of entrepreneurs”. UCJC Business and Society Review, 59, 76-113.
  • Fuentelsaz, L., Maícas, J.P. and Montero, J. (2021): “Do you need to be risk-tolerant to be-come an entrepreneur? The importance of the reference point”. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, in press.
  • Harper, D. A. (2008). Towards a theory of entrepreneurial teams. Journal of Business Ventur-ing, 23(6), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.002
  • Hermans, J., Vanderstraeten, J., van Witteloostuijn, A., Dejardin, M., Ramdani, D., & Stam, E. (2015). Ambitious Entrepreneurship: A Review of Growth Aspirations, Intentions, and Expectations. In Entrepreneurial Growth: Individual, Firm, and Region (Vol. 17, pp. 127–160). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1074-754020150000017011
  • Hörisch, J., Kollat, J., & Brieger, S. A. (2017). What influences environmental entrepreneur-ship? A multilevel analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurs’ environmental orientation. Small Business Economics, 48(1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9765-2
  • Jin, L., Madison, K., Kraiczy, N. D., Kellermanns, F. W., Crook, T. R., & Xi, J. (2017). Entrepre-neurial Team Composition Characteristics and New Venture Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(5), 743–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12232
  • Koellinger, P. (2008a). Why are some entrepreneurs more innovative than others? Small Business Economics, 31(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9107-0
  • Koellinger, P. (2008b). The relationship between technology, innovation, and firm perfor-mance—Empirical evidence from e-business in Europe. Research Policy, 37(8), 1317–1328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.024
  • Kor, Y. Y. (2006). Direct and interaction effects of top management team and board composi-tions on R&D investment strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 27(11), 1081–1099. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.554
  • Lazar, M., Miron-Spektor, E., Agarwal, R., Erez, M., Goldfarb, B., & Chen, G. (2019). Entrepreneurial team formation. Academy of Management Annals. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0131
  • Lechler, T. (2001). Social Interaction: A Determinant of Entrepreneurial Team Venture Suc-cess. Small Business Economics, 16(4), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011167519304
  • Peña, I., Guerrero, M., González-Pernía, J. L., Montero, J. (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Informe GEM España 2019-2020. Ed. Universidad de Cantabria. ISSN 1695-9302.
  • Pinillos, M.-J., & Reyes, L. (2011). Relationship between individualist–collectivist culture and entrepreneurial activity: Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Small Busi-ness Economics, 37(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9230-6
  • Pinzón, N., Montero, J. and González-Pernía, J.L. (2021): “The influence of individual charac-teristics on getting involved in an entrepreneurial team: the contingent role of individualism”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, in press.
  • Reynolds. (2017). When is a Firm Born? Alternative Criteria and Consequences. Business Economics, 52(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-017-0022-8
  • Reynolds, Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., Lopez-Garcia, P., & Chin, N. (2005). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data Collection Design and Implementation 1998–2003. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1
  • Schmutzler, J., Andonova, V., & Diaz-Serrano, L. (2019). How Context Shapes Entrepreneur-ial Self-Efficacy as a Driver of Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Multilevel Approach. Entrepre-neurship Theory and Practice, 43(5), 880–920. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717753142
  • Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public poli-cy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9215-5
  • Tian, L., Yang, J. Y., & Wei, L. (2019). Speed to Legal Registration and Nascent Venture Per-formance: A Temporal Dilemma for Nascent Entrepreneurs in an Emerging Economy. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 476–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12382
  • van der Zwan, P., Thurik, R., Verheul, I., & Hessels, J. (2016). Factors influencing the entrepreneurial engagement of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs. Eurasian Business Review, 6(3), 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-016-0065-1
  • Yousafzai, S. Y., Saeed, S., & Muffatto, M. (2018). Institutional Theory and Contextual Em-beddedness of Women’s Entrepreneurial Leadership: Evidence from 92 Countries. Journal of Small Business Management, 587–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12179@10.1111/(ISSN)1540-627x.women-in-entrepreneurship
  • Zhao, Y. L., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2013). Designing service quality to survive: Empirical evi-dence from Chinese new ventures. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1098–1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.03.006