Influence of the biomechanical variables of the gait cycle in running economy

  1. Santos Concejero, Jordan
  2. Granados Domínguez, Cristina
  3. Irazusta Astiazaran, Jon
  4. Bidaurrazaga López de Letona, Iraia
  5. Zabala Lili, Jon
  6. Tam, N
  7. Gil Orozko, Susana María
Revista:
RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

ISSN: 1885-3137

Any de publicació: 2014

Volum: 10

Número: 36

Pàgines: 95-108

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.5232/RICYDE2014.03601 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Altres publicacions en: RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

El objetivo de este estudio fue el investigar las relaciones entre diferentes variables biomecánicas y la economía de carrera (RE). Once atletas populares (RR) y 14 atletas altamente entrenados (WT) completaron estadios de 4 min en tapiz rodante a diferentes velocidades. Durante el test, el tiempo de contacto (tc) y de vuelo (tsw), la longitud, frecuencia y ángulo de zancada y la duración de las diferentes sub-fases del tiempo de contacto se calcularon usando un sistema óptico. Se midió el VO2 para calcular la RE. Los atletas WT fueron más económicos que los RR y presentaron menores tc, mayores tsw, zancadas más largas, frecuencias más bajas y ángulos mayores (P<0.05). Además, los atletas WT experimentaron la sub-fase propulsiva más tarde que los RR (P<0.05). La RE estuvo positivamente relacionada con el tc, la frecuencia de zancada y el ritmo de 10 km, mientras que estuvo negativamente relacionada con el tsw, longitud y ángulo de zancada y la sub-fase propulsiva. Estos resultados sugieren que una biomecánica caracterizada por zancadas más largas, ángulos de zancada y tsw mayores, menores frecuencias y tc, y sub-fases propulsivas más tardías pueden favorecer un uso energético más eficiente.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Anderson, T. (1996). Biomechanics and running economy. Sports Medicine, 22, 76-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199622020-00003
  • Åstrand, P.O.; Rodahl, K.; Dahl, H., & Strommer, S. (1986). Textbook of work physiology: physiological bases of exercise. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Bergh, U.; Sjödin, B.; Forsberg, A., & Svedenhag, J. (1991). The relationship between body mass and oxygen uptake during running in humans. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 23, 205-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199102000-00010
  • Bosco, C.; Montanari, G.; Ribacchi, R.; Giovenali, P.; Latteri, F.; Lachelli, G.; Faina, M.; Colli, R.; Dal Monte, A., & La Rosa, M. (1987). Relationship between the efficiency of muscular work during jumping and the energetic. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 56, 138-143.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640636
  • Bransford, D.R., & Howley, E.T. (1977). Oxygen cost of running in trained and untrained men and women. Medicine and Science in Sport, 9, 41-44.
  • Cavanagh, P.R., & Williams, K.R. (1982). The effect of stride length variation on oxygen uptake during distance running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14, 30-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198201000- 00006
  • Chapman, R.F.; Laymon, A.S.; Wilhite, D.P.; McKenzie, J.M.; Tanner, D.A., & Stager, J.M. (2012). Ground contact time as an indicator of metabolic cost in elite distance runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 4, 917-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182400520
  • Cheng, B.; Kuipers, H.; Snyder, A.C.; Keizer, H.A.; Jeukendrup, A., & Hesselink, M. (1992). A new approach for the determination of ventilatory and lactate thresholds. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 13, 518-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021309
  • Chumanov, E.S.; Heiderscheit, B.C., & Thelen, D.G. (2011). Hamstring musculotendon dynamics during stance and swing phases of high-speed running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 525-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f23fe8
  • Cohen, J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998.
  • Conley, D.L., & Krahenbuhl, G.S. (1980). Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 12, 357-360.
  • Daniels, J., & Daniels, N. (1982). Running economy of elite male and elite female runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24, 483-489.
  • Debaere, S.; Jonkers, I., & Delecluse, C. (2013). The contribution of step characteristics to sprint running performance in high-level male and female athletes. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27, 116-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825183ef
  • Di Pampero, P.E.; Atchou, G.; Brückner, J.C., & Moia, C. (1986). The energetics of endurance running. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 55, 259-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343797
  • Duggan, S.A., & Bhat, K.P. (2005). Biomechanics and Analysis of Running Gait. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 16, 603-621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2005.02.007
  • Foster, C., & Lucia, A. (2007). Running economy: the forgotten factor in elite performance. Sports Medicine, 37, 316-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/ 00007256-200737040-00011
  • Gregor, R.J., & Kirkendall, D. (1978). Performance efficiency of world class female marathon runners. In E. Asmussen & K. Jörgensen (Eds.), Biomechanics VI-B. (pp. 40-45). Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • Helgerud, J.; Engen, L.C.; Wisloff, U., & Hoff, J. (2001). Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 1925-1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200111000- 00019
  • Helgerud, J.; Støren, O., & Hoff, J. (2010). Are there differences in running economy at different speeds for well-trained distance runners? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108, 1099-1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1218-z
  • Hogberg, P. (1952). Length of stride, stride frequency, "flight" period and maximum distance between the feet during running with different speeds. Arbeitsphysiologie, 14, 431-436.
  • Hopkins, W.G.; Marshall, S.W.; Batterham, A.M., & Hanin J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41, 3-13. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
  • Joyner, M.J. (1991). Modeling: optimal marathon performance on the basis of physiological factors. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70, 683-687.
  • Kaneko, M.; Ito, A.; Fuchimoto, T.; Shishikura, Y., & Toyooka J. (1985). Influence of running speed of the mechanical efficiency of sprinters and distance runners. In D.A.Winter, R.W. Norman, R.P. Wells, C.K. Heyes & A.E. Patla (Eds.), Biomechanics IX-B (pp. 307-312). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Karp, J.R. (2010). Strength Training For Distance Running: A Scientific Perspective. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 32, 83-86. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1519/SSC.0b013e3181df195b
  • Krahenbuhl, G.S., & Pangrazi, R.P. (1983). Characteristics associated with running performance in young boys. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 15, 486-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198315060-00008
  • Kram, R., & Taylor, C.R. (1990). Energetics of running: a new perspective. Nature, 346, 265-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346265a0
  • Kyröläinen, H.; Belli, A., & Komi, P.V. (2001). Biomechanical factors affecting running economy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 1330-1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768- 200108000-00014
  • Levine, B.D. (2008). VO2max: what do we know, and what do we still need to know? Journal of Physiology, 586, 25-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol. 2007.147629
  • Lucia, A.; Esteve-Lanao, J.; Oliván, J.; Gómez-Gallego, F.; San Juan, A.F.; Santiago, C.; Pérez, M.; Chamorro-Viña, C., & Foster, C. (2006). Physiological characteristics of the best Eritrean runners-exceptional running economy. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 31, 530-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-029
  • Maldonado, S.; Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2002). Influence of body mass and height on the energy cost of running in highly trained middle- and long-distance runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 268-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-29083
  • Maldonado-Martín, S.; Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2004). Physiological variables to use in the gender comparison in highly trained runners. Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness, 44, 8-14.
  • Mayhew, J.L. (1997). Oxygen cost and energy expenditure of running in trained runners. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 11, 116-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.11.3.116
  • Novacheck, T.F. (1998). Review paper: the biomechanics of running. Gait & Posture, 7, 77-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(97)00038-6
  • Nummela, A.; Keränen, T., & Mikkelsson, L. (2007). Factors related to top running speed and economy. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 655-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964896
  • Pate, R.R.; Macera, C.A.; Bailey, S.P.; Bartoli, W.P., & Powell, K.E. (1992). Physiological, anthropometric, and training correlates of running economy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24, 1128-1133.http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199210000-00010
  • Saunders, P.U.; Pyne, D.B.; Telford, R.D., & Hawley, J.A. (2004). Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners. Sports Medicine, 34, 456-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434070-00005
  • Tartaruga, M.P.; Brisswalter, J.; Peyré-Tartaruga, L.A.; Avila, A.O.; Alberton, C.L.; Coertjens, M.; Cadore, E.L.; Tiggemann, C.L.; Silva, E.M., & Kruel LF. (2012). The relationship between running economy and biomechanical variables in distance runners. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 3, 367-375.
  • Weyand, P.G.; Sternlight, D.B.; Bellizzi, M.J., & Wright, S. (2000). Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 1991-1999.
  • Yoshida, T. (1984). Effect of exercise duration during incremental exercise on the determination of anaerobic threshold and the onset of blood lactate accumulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology & Occupational Physiology, 53, 196-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776589
  • Yuhasz, M.S. (1974). Physical fitness Manual. London: University of Western Ontario.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet